Pulseaudio Volume Control Ubuntu

General troubleshooting from here:

1. Open pavucontrol.
2. Click the Configuration tab.
3. Locate the correct sound card (just one in your case, probably).
4. Select the appropriate profile. For regular analogue sound, you should select something like Analogue Stereo Duplex. Options depend on the capabilities of your sound card.
   Screenshot (KDE, but looks similar in Unity):
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

"Waiting for sound system to respond" problem, Ubuntu 10.04

When you have Ubuntu 10.04, and you login as root, you cannot change the sound volume or settings with the sound applet in the gnome-panel.

The solution:

Go to System->Preferences -> Startup Applications

Make sure you're in the tab 'Startup programs'
-> Click on 'Add'

Name: Pulseaudio daemon
Command:/usr/bin/pulseaudio
Comment: Start the sound daemon

Now logout, then login again

->Fixed

Skype status icon back on panel/tray/taskbar Ubuntu 12.04

You may need to do two things:

 

1. Install the sni-qt libraries.

sudo apt-get install sni-qt sni-qt:i386

 

2. Install the package, or from the terminal with  

sudo apt-get install dconf-tools 

 

Open dconf editor from the Dash (or dconf-editor from terminal):

 

 

Press Enter, close dconf editor, logout and login -- your indicator should now be back

Running Multiple skype

#skype --dbpath=~/.Skype2

LDAP Server on Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid

LDAP Server on Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid

PLATFORM:
* Ubuntu Server 10.04 LTS (Lucid)

PREREQUISITES:
* A standard vanilla Ubuntu 10.04 server install.
* An NFS server exporting the users home directorys

Network overview;
* domain name: irfan.com
* ldap-server 10.1.1.5

Install The Packages

We want to install the OpenLDAP server daemon slapd and ldap-utils, a package containing LDAP management utilities:

#sudo apt-get install slapd ldap-utils

Notes:
By default slapd is configured with minimal options needed to run the slapd daemon.

The configuration example in the following sections will match the domain name of the server. For example, if the machine's Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) is ldap.irfan.com, the default suffix will be dc=irfan,dc=com.

Populating the server

Notes:
OpenLDAP uses a separate directory which contains the cn=config Directory Information Tree (DIT). The cn=config DIT is used to dynamically configure the slapd daemon, allowing the modification of schema definitions, indexes, ACLs, etc without stopping the service.

The backend cn=config directory has only a minimal configuration and will need additional configuration options in order to populate the frontend directory. The frontend will be populated with a "classical" scheme that will be compatible with address book applications and with Unix Posix accounts. Posix accounts will allow authentication to various applications, such as web applications, email Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) applications, etc.

* For external applications to authenticate using LDAP they will each need to be specifically configured to do so. Refer to the individual application documentation for details.

* Remember to change dc=example,dc=com in the following examples to match your LDAP configuration.

First, some additional schema files need to be loaded. In a terminal enter:

#sudo ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/ldap/schema/cosine.ldif
#sudo ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/ldap/schema/nis.ldif
#sudo ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/ldap/schema/inetorgperson.ldif

Next, create an LDIF file

#vi ~/backend.ldif

With the following contents;

# Load dynamic backend modules
dn: cn=module,cn=config
objectClass: olcModuleList
cn: module
olcModulepath: /usr/lib/ldap
olcModuleload: back_hdb

# Database settings
dn: olcDatabase=hdb,cn=config
objectClass: olcDatabaseConfig
objectClass: olcHdbConfig
olcDatabase: {1}hdb
olcSuffix: dc=irfan,dc=com
olcDbDirectory: /var/lib/ldap
olcRootDN: cn=admin,dc=irfan,dc=com
olcRootPW: mypassword
olcDbConfig: set_cachesize 0 2097152 0
olcDbConfig: set_lk_max_objects 1500
olcDbConfig: set_lk_max_locks 1500
olcDbConfig: set_lk_max_lockers 1500
olcDbIndex: objectClass eq
olcLastMod: TRUE
olcDbCheckpoint: 512 30
olcAccess: to attrs=userPassword by dn="cn=admin,dc=irfan,dc=com" write by anonymous auth by self write by * none
olcAccess: to attrs=shadowLastChange by self write by * read
olcAccess: to dn.base="" by * read
olcAccess: to * by dn="cn=admin,dc=irfan,dc=com" write by * read

* Change olcRootPW: mypassword to a password of your choosing.

* Change dc=example,dc=com to suit your own domain details.

Now add the LDIF to the directory:

#sudo ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f backend.ldif

The frontend directory is now ready to be populated. Create a frontend.ldif file

#vi ~/frontend.ldif

Enter the following contents, once again making the necessary changes to suit your own network:

# Create top-level object in domain
dn: dc=irfan,dc=com
objectClass: top
objectClass: dcObject
objectclass: organization
o: irfan
dc: irfan
description: LDAP Server

# Admin user.
dn: cn=admin,dc=irfan,dc=com
objectClass: simpleSecurityObject
objectClass: organizationalRole
cn: admin
description: LDAP administrator
userPassword: mypassword

dn: ou=people,dc=irfan,dc=com
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: people

dn: ou=groups,dc=irfan,dc=com
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: groups

dn: uid=brettg,ou=people,dc=irfan,dc=com
objectClass: inetOrgPerson
objectClass: posixAccount
objectClass: shadowAccount
uid: brettg
sn: Glasson
givenName: Brett
cn: Brett Glasson
displayName: Brett Glasson
uidNumber: 1000
gidNumber: 10000
userPassword: mypassword
gecos: Brett Glasson
loginShell: /bin/bash
homeDirectory: /home/brettg
shadowExpire: -1
shadowFlag: 0
shadowWarning: 7
shadowMin: 8
shadowMax: 999999
shadowLastChange: 10877
mail: brett.glasson@irfan.com
postalCode: 31000
l: Melbourne
o: irfan
mobile: +33 (0)6 xx xx xx xx
homePhone: +33 (0)5 xx xx xx xx
title: System Administrator
postalAddress:
initials: BG

dn: cn=users,ou=groups,dc=irfan,dc=com
objectClass: posixGroup
cn: users
gidNumber: 10000

Notes:
In this example the directory structure, a user, and a group have been setup. In other examples you might see the objectClass: top added in every entry, but that is the default behaviour so you do not have to add it explicitly.

Add the entries to the LDAP directory:

#sudo ldapadd -x -D cn=admin,dc=irfan,dc=com -W -f frontend.ldif

We can check that the content has been correctly added with the ldapsearch utility. Execute a search of the LDAP directory:

#ldapsearch -xLLL -b "dc=irfan,dc=com" uid=brettg sn givenName cn

Which should return something like this;

dn: uid=brettg,ou=people,dc=,dc=com
cn: Brett Glasson
sn: Glasson
givenName: Brett

Enable Policy route option in fortiOS 5.0

config system global 
  set gui-dynamic-routing enable 
end

100 Keyboard Shortcuts must read

More than 100 Keyboard Shortcuts must read
Keyboard Shorcuts (Microsoft Windows)

1. CTRL+C (Copy)
2. CTRL+X (Cut)
3. CTRL+V (Paste)
4. CTRL+Z (Undo)
5. DELETE (Delete)
6. SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
7. CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
8. CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
9. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
10. CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
11. CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
12. CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
13. CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
14. CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
15. CTRL+A (Select all)
16. F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
17. ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
18. ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit theactive program)
19. ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of theselected object)
20. ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
21. CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents opensimultaneou sly)
22. ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
23. ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
24. F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
25. F4 key (Display the Address bar list in MyComputer or Windows Explorer)
26. SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
27. ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
28. CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
29. ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu) Underlined letter in a command name on anopen menu (Perform the corresponding command)
30. F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
31. RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
32. LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
33. F5 key (Update the active window)
34. BACKSPACE (View the folder onelevel up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
35. ESC (Cancel the current task)
36. SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROMinto the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)
Dialog Box - Keyboard Shortcuts
1. CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
2. CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
3. TAB (Move forward through the options)
4. SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
5. ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
6. ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
7. SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
8. Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
9. F1 key (Display Help)
10. F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
11. BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)
Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts
1. Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
2. Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
3. Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
4. Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
5. Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restorethe minimized windows)
6. Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
7. Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
8. CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
9. Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
10. Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
11. Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
12. Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)
13. Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
14. Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
15. Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
16. Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
17. SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
18. NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
19. Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)
20. Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
21. END (Display the bottom of the active window)
22. HOME (Display the top of the active window)
23. NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all ofthe subfolders that are under the selected folder)
24. NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)
25. NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)
26. LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)
27. RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)
Shortcut Keys for Character Map
After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts:
1. RIGHT ARROW (Move to the rightor to the beginning of the next line)
2. LEFT ARROW (Move to the left orto the endof the previous line)
3. UP ARROW (Move up one row)
4. DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)
5. PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)
6. PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)
7. HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)
8. END (Move to the end of the line)
9. CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)
10. CTRL+END (Move to the last character)
11. SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged andNormal mode when a character is selected)
Microsoft Management Console (MMC)
Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts
1. CTRL+O (Open a saved console)
2. CTRL+N (Open a new console)
3. CTRL+S (Save the open console)
4. CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)
5. CTRL+W (Open a new window)
6. F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
7. ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu)
8. ALT+F4 (Close the console)
9. ALT+A (Display the Action menu)
10. ALT+V (Display the View menu)
11. ALT+F (Display the File menu)
12. ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu)
MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts
1. CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
2. ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window)
3. SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
4. F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
5. F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
6. CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
7. CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
8. ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for theselected item)
9. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
10. CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)
Remote Desktop Connection Navigation
1. CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box)
2. ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
3. ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
4. ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
5. ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
6. CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
7. ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
8. CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
9. CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place asnapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboardand provide the same functionality aspressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
Microsoft Internet Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
1. CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
2. CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
3. CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
4. CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
5. CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
6. CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
7. CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
8. CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box,the same as CTRL+L)
9. CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog ox)
10. CTRL+R (Update the current Web )